Cambios barriales como consecuencia de la llegada de estudiantes universitarios en dos sectores de Concepción–Chile
Autores/as
-
José Prada-Trigo
Universidad de Concepción
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-1195
-
Carlos Cornejo Nieto
Universidad de Concepción
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5000
-
Paula Quijada-Prado
Universidad de Concepción
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-0930
Resumen
Este artículo analiza e interpreta los cambios producidos en los barrios de Agüita de la Perdiz y Las Tres Pascualas (Concepción) como consecuencia de la llegada de estudiantes universitarios. Pese a que estudios internacionales recientemente han manifestado la importancia de los llamados procesos de studentification como detonantes de efectos físicos, sociales, económicos y culturales en barrios residenciales tradicionales, apenas existen aportes a este tema desde América Latina. A partir de estas premisas, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar este fenómeno con una perspectiva que pone su énfasis en la disolución de los vínculos comunitarios, la heterogeneización económica del barrio y la creación de un mercado inmobiliario específico para el sector estudiantil como principales dinámicas producidas por la llegada de estudiantes, vinculable con la economía política de la vivienda. Para ello, se recurre a una metodología que utiliza principalmente datos cuantitativos, combinándolos puntualmente con otros cualitativos, lo que da lugar a unos resultados que ratifican la existencia de algunos elementos comunes con otros casos de estudio, junto con otros particulares, explicables por el propio origen de ambos barrios.Palabras clave:
estudiantes, cambios barriales, estudiantización, gentrificación, ConcepciónReferencias
Aalbers, M. (2016). The financialization of housing. Londres: Routledge.
Aalbers, M. & Christophers, B. (2014). The housing question under capitalist political economies. Housing, Theory and Society, 31(4), 422–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2014.947083
Ackerman, A. & Visser, G. (2016). Studentification in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Bulletin of Geography. Socio–economic Series, 31(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0001
Araya, C. (2000). Recuperación urbana laguna. Urbano, 3(3), 70-73.
Cartes, A. (2014). Las Tres Pascualas, patrimonio natural y cultural de Concepción. Concepción: Ediciones de la Universidad de San Sebastián.
Chatterton, P. (2010). The student city: an ongoing story of neoliberalism, gentrification, and commodification. Environment and Planning A, 42(3), 509–514. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42293
Duke–Williams, O. (2009). The geographies of student migration in the UK. Environment and Planning A, 41(8), 1.826–1.848. https://doi.org/10.1068/a4198
Garmendia, M., Coronado, J. M., & Ureña, J. M. (2012). University students sharing flats: When studentification becomes vertical. Urban Studies, 49(12), 2651–2668. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011428176
He, S. (2014). Consuming urban living in ‘villages in the city’: Studentification in Guangzhou, China. Urban Studies, 52(15), 2849–2873. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014543703
Holton, M. & Riley, M. (2013). Student geographies: Exploring the diverse geographies of students and higher education. Geography Compass, 7(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12013
Hubbard, P. (2008). Regulating the social impacts of studentification: a Loughborough case study. Environment and Planning A, 40(2), 323–341. https://doi.org/10.1068/a396
Hubbard, P. (2009). Geographies of studentification and purpose-built student accommodation: Leading separate lives? Environment and Planning A, 41(8),1903–1923. https://doi.org/10.1068/a4149
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. (2017). Demográficas y vitales. https://webanterior.ine.cl/estadisticas/demograficas-y-vitales
Kenna, T. (2011). Studenti?cation in Ireland? Analysing the impacts of students and student accommodation on Cork City. Irish Geography, 44(2–3), 191–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/00750778.2011.618073
Kenyon, E. (1997). The impact of student households on residential communities. The British Journal of Sociology, 48(2), 286–301. https://doi.org/10.2307/591753
Kinton, C., Smith, D., & Harrison, J. (2016). De–studentification: emptying housing and neighbourhoods of student populations. Environment and Planning A, 48(8), 1.617–1635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X16642446
Malet, D. (2018). Understanding international students beyond studentification: A new class of transnational urban consumers. The example of Erasmus students in Lisbon (Portugal). Urban Studies, 55(10), 2142–2158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017708089
Munro, M. & Livingston, M. (2011). Student impacts on urban neighbourhoods: Policy approaches, discourses and dilemmas. Urban Studies, 49(8), 1.679–1.694. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011419237
Munro, M., Turok, I., & Livingston, M. (2009). Students in cities: a preliminary analysis of their patterns and effects. Environment and Planning A, 41(8), 1.805–1.825. https://doi.org/10.1068/a41133
Nakazawa, T. (2017). Expanding the scope of studentification studies. Geography Compass, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12300
Pérez Bustamante, L., González Bello, G., Villouta Gutiérrez, D., Pagola Contreras, L., & Ávila Zañartu, C. (2019). Procesos de reestructuración y verticalización en el centro de Concepción: Barrio Condell. Revista de Urbanismo, (41), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5354/0717-5051.2019.53926
Pickren, G. (2012). “Where can I build my student housing?” The politics of studentification in Athens–Clarke County, Georgia. Southeastern Geographer, 52(2), 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2012.0019
Prada-Trigo, J. (2019a). Understanding studentification dynamics in low-income neighbourhoods: Students as gentrifiers in Concepcion (Chile). Urban Studies, 56(14), 2.863–2.879. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018807623
Prada-Trigo, J. (2019b). Estudiantes universitarios y su importancia en los cambios barriales: ¿hacia nuevos modelos de gentrificación en espacios periféricos? Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 80, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2683
Prada-Trigo, J., Aravena, N., & Barra, P. (In press). Inversión inmobiliaria proveniente de la minería del norte en el Gran Concepción y efectos sobre el crecimiento urbano. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande.
Revington, N. & August, M. (2019). Making a market for itself: The emergent financialization of student housing in Canada. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19884577
Russo, A. & Capel, L. (2007). Changing landscapes of student populations. From citadels of education to Cartier Latins (and back?): The changing landscapes of student populations in European cities. Geography Compass, 1(5), 1.160–1.089. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00056.x
Sage, J., Smith, D., & Hubbard, P. (2012a). The diverse geographies of studentification: Living alongside people not like us. Housing Studies, 27(8), 1057–1078. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2012.728570
Sage, J., Smith, D., & Hubbard, P. (2012b). The rapidity of studenti?cation and population change: There goes the (student) hood. Population, Space and Place, 18(5), 597–613. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.690
Sage, J., Smith, D., & Hubbard, P. (2013). New–build estudiantización: A panacea for balanced communities? Urban Studies, 50(13), 2623–2641. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013477694
Smith, D. (2004). ‘Studentification’: the gentrification factory? In R. Atkinson & G. Bridge (Coords.), Gentrification in a global context: the new urban colonialism (pp. 73–90). Londres: Routledge.
Smith, D. (2009). ‘Student geographies’, urban restructuring, and the expansion of higher education. Environment and Planning A, 41(8), 1.795–1.804. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42257
Smith, D. & Holt, L. (2007). Studentification and ‘apprentice’ gentrifiers within Britain's provincial towns and cities: Extending the meaning of gentrification. Environment and Planning A, 39(1), 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38476
Smith, D. & Hubbard, P. (2014). The segregation of educated youth and dynamic geographies of studenti?cation. Area, 46(1), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12054
Valenzuela, N. (2016). Que se muevan los bulldozers. La política industrial de vivienda mirada a través de la economía política. CA Ciudad y Arquitectura, (152), 1–14.
Aalbers, M. & Christophers, B. (2014). The housing question under capitalist political economies. Housing, Theory and Society, 31(4), 422–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2014.947083
Ackerman, A. & Visser, G. (2016). Studentification in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Bulletin of Geography. Socio–economic Series, 31(1), 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0001
Araya, C. (2000). Recuperación urbana laguna. Urbano, 3(3), 70-73.
Cartes, A. (2014). Las Tres Pascualas, patrimonio natural y cultural de Concepción. Concepción: Ediciones de la Universidad de San Sebastián.
Chatterton, P. (2010). The student city: an ongoing story of neoliberalism, gentrification, and commodification. Environment and Planning A, 42(3), 509–514. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42293
Duke–Williams, O. (2009). The geographies of student migration in the UK. Environment and Planning A, 41(8), 1.826–1.848. https://doi.org/10.1068/a4198
Garmendia, M., Coronado, J. M., & Ureña, J. M. (2012). University students sharing flats: When studentification becomes vertical. Urban Studies, 49(12), 2651–2668. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011428176
He, S. (2014). Consuming urban living in ‘villages in the city’: Studentification in Guangzhou, China. Urban Studies, 52(15), 2849–2873. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014543703
Holton, M. & Riley, M. (2013). Student geographies: Exploring the diverse geographies of students and higher education. Geography Compass, 7(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12013
Hubbard, P. (2008). Regulating the social impacts of studentification: a Loughborough case study. Environment and Planning A, 40(2), 323–341. https://doi.org/10.1068/a396
Hubbard, P. (2009). Geographies of studentification and purpose-built student accommodation: Leading separate lives? Environment and Planning A, 41(8),1903–1923. https://doi.org/10.1068/a4149
Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. (2017). Demográficas y vitales. https://webanterior.ine.cl/estadisticas/demograficas-y-vitales
Kenna, T. (2011). Studenti?cation in Ireland? Analysing the impacts of students and student accommodation on Cork City. Irish Geography, 44(2–3), 191–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/00750778.2011.618073
Kenyon, E. (1997). The impact of student households on residential communities. The British Journal of Sociology, 48(2), 286–301. https://doi.org/10.2307/591753
Kinton, C., Smith, D., & Harrison, J. (2016). De–studentification: emptying housing and neighbourhoods of student populations. Environment and Planning A, 48(8), 1.617–1635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X16642446
Malet, D. (2018). Understanding international students beyond studentification: A new class of transnational urban consumers. The example of Erasmus students in Lisbon (Portugal). Urban Studies, 55(10), 2142–2158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017708089
Munro, M. & Livingston, M. (2011). Student impacts on urban neighbourhoods: Policy approaches, discourses and dilemmas. Urban Studies, 49(8), 1.679–1.694. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098011419237
Munro, M., Turok, I., & Livingston, M. (2009). Students in cities: a preliminary analysis of their patterns and effects. Environment and Planning A, 41(8), 1.805–1.825. https://doi.org/10.1068/a41133
Nakazawa, T. (2017). Expanding the scope of studentification studies. Geography Compass, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12300
Pérez Bustamante, L., González Bello, G., Villouta Gutiérrez, D., Pagola Contreras, L., & Ávila Zañartu, C. (2019). Procesos de reestructuración y verticalización en el centro de Concepción: Barrio Condell. Revista de Urbanismo, (41), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5354/0717-5051.2019.53926
Pickren, G. (2012). “Where can I build my student housing?” The politics of studentification in Athens–Clarke County, Georgia. Southeastern Geographer, 52(2), 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2012.0019
Prada-Trigo, J. (2019a). Understanding studentification dynamics in low-income neighbourhoods: Students as gentrifiers in Concepcion (Chile). Urban Studies, 56(14), 2.863–2.879. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018807623
Prada-Trigo, J. (2019b). Estudiantes universitarios y su importancia en los cambios barriales: ¿hacia nuevos modelos de gentrificación en espacios periféricos? Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 80, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2683
Prada-Trigo, J., Aravena, N., & Barra, P. (In press). Inversión inmobiliaria proveniente de la minería del norte en el Gran Concepción y efectos sobre el crecimiento urbano. Revista de Geografía Norte Grande.
Revington, N. & August, M. (2019). Making a market for itself: The emergent financialization of student housing in Canada. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19884577
Russo, A. & Capel, L. (2007). Changing landscapes of student populations. From citadels of education to Cartier Latins (and back?): The changing landscapes of student populations in European cities. Geography Compass, 1(5), 1.160–1.089. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00056.x
Sage, J., Smith, D., & Hubbard, P. (2012a). The diverse geographies of studentification: Living alongside people not like us. Housing Studies, 27(8), 1057–1078. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2012.728570
Sage, J., Smith, D., & Hubbard, P. (2012b). The rapidity of studenti?cation and population change: There goes the (student) hood. Population, Space and Place, 18(5), 597–613. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.690
Sage, J., Smith, D., & Hubbard, P. (2013). New–build estudiantización: A panacea for balanced communities? Urban Studies, 50(13), 2623–2641. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013477694
Smith, D. (2004). ‘Studentification’: the gentrification factory? In R. Atkinson & G. Bridge (Coords.), Gentrification in a global context: the new urban colonialism (pp. 73–90). Londres: Routledge.
Smith, D. (2009). ‘Student geographies’, urban restructuring, and the expansion of higher education. Environment and Planning A, 41(8), 1.795–1.804. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42257
Smith, D. & Holt, L. (2007). Studentification and ‘apprentice’ gentrifiers within Britain's provincial towns and cities: Extending the meaning of gentrification. Environment and Planning A, 39(1), 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38476
Smith, D. & Hubbard, P. (2014). The segregation of educated youth and dynamic geographies of studenti?cation. Area, 46(1), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12054
Valenzuela, N. (2016). Que se muevan los bulldozers. La política industrial de vivienda mirada a través de la economía política. CA Ciudad y Arquitectura, (152), 1–14.
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