Tipologias diferentes, satisfação semelhante: realocação em habitações unifamiliares e multifamiliares de interesse social na Colômbia e no Chile
Autores
-
Juan Carlos Marín-Villegas
Universidad San Sebastián
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-8631
-
Francisco Eduardo Gatica-Neira
Universidad del Bio-Bío
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-9384
Baixar
Resumo
Pesquisas recentes sugerem uma relação entre a satisfação residencial pós-realocação de assentamentos informais e a tipologia habitacional da habitação social. O objetivo é estudar essa relação, por meio da análise de dois casos em Manizales, Colômbia, e Concepción, Chile. Conforme o referencial teórico, prevê-se uma menor satisfação com a moradia, o bairro, os vizinhos e o entorno residencial em geral (variáveis dependentes) na tipologia multifamiliar do que na unifamiliar, devido a maiores déficits percebidos em segurança, relações sociais, gastos de moradia, atributos espaciais e conforto ambiental (variáveis independentes). A abordagem metodológica é quantitativa e o horizonte temporal é transversal. O método de coleta de informações foi o questionário. As técnicas de análise foram: testes de mediana e/ou U de Mann-Whitney para detectar diferenças nas variáveis dependentes e independentes entre tipologias e regressão logística binária para estabelecer a relação entre as variáveis (dependentes e independentes) em cada tipologia. Os resultados mostram que a satisfação com as dimensões do entorno residencial não difere significativamente entre aqueles que foram realocados em habitações unifamiliares e multifamiliares, em nenhum dos dois casos, uma vez que seus determinantes são avaliados de maneira muito semelhante nas duas tipologias.
Palavras-chave:
assentamentos informais , reassentamento , habitação unifamiliar , habitação coletiva , satisfação residencialReferências
Aboda, C., Mugagga, F., Byakagaba, P., y Nabanoga, G. (2019). Development induced displacement; A review of risks faced by communities in developing countries. Sociology and Anthropology, 7(2), 100–110. https:// doi.org/10.13189/sa.2019.070205
Amérigo, M. (1995). Satisfacción residencial: un análisis psicológico de la vivienda y su entorno. Alianza.
Andrade, A. y de Siqueira, M. (2017). Inserção urbana no programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV): Avaliação do conjunto habitacional Coração de Maria no Município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Hábitat y Sociedad, 10, 269–288. https://doi.org/10.12795/habitatysociedad.2017.i10.15
Aragonés, J. I., Amérigo, M., y Pérez-López, R. (2017). Residential satisfaction and quality of life. En G. Fleury-Bahi, E. Pol, y O. Navarro (Eds.), Handbook of environmental psychology and quality of life research (pp. 311–328). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31416-7_17
Azimi, N. y Esmaeilzadeh, Y. (2017). Assessing the relationship between house types and residential satisfaction in Tabriz, Iran. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 21(2), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2016.1273128
Bardhan, R., Sunikka-Blank, M., y Haque, A. N. (2019). Sentiment analysis as tool for gender mainstreaming in slum rehabilitation housing management in Mumbai, India. Habitat International, 92, 102040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102040
Beier, R. (2023). Why low-income people leave state housing in South Africa: progress, failure or temporary setback? Environment and Urbanization, 35(1), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/09562478221146395
Besoain, C. y Cornejo, M. (2015). Vivienda social y subjetivación urbana en Santiago de Chile: Espacio privado, repliegue presentista y añoranza. Psicoperspectivas. Individuo y Sociedad, 14(2), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-Vol14-Issue2-fulltext-369
Boadi, E. B., Chen, S., Amponsah, E. I., y Appiah, R. (2022). Antecedents of Residential Satisfaction in Resettlement Housing in Ellembelle: A PLS-SEM Approach. Sustainability, 14(18), 11256. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811256
Bodur, A. y Dülgeroğlu, Y. (2017). Assessing change in quality of life following rehousing from slum settlements to social housing. A/Z: ITU journal of Faculty of Architecture, 14(3), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.5505/itujfa.2018.36002
Brain, I., Prieto, J. J., y Sabatini, F. (2010). Vivir en Campamentos: ¿Camino hacia la vivienda formal o estrategia de localización para enfrentar la vulnerabilidad? EURE, 36(109), 111–141. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612010000300005
Bustos-Peñafiel, M. A. (2020). Desafíos para enfrentar el deterioro de una producción cuantitativa. Vivienda social en copropiedad en Chile. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 30(3), 247–261. https://doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v30n3.86821
Campagna, G. (2016). Linking crowding, housing inadequacy, and perceived housing stress. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.01.002
Carrasco, S. y O’Brien, D. (2022). Re-thinking Elemental’s incremental housing: Residential Satisfaction and resident-driven adaptations in Villa Verde, Chile. Urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, 14. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-3369.014.e20210171
Cavalheiro, D. d. C. y Abiko, A. (2015). Evaluating slum (favela) resettlements: The case of the Serra do Mar Project, São Paulo, Brazil. Habitat International, 49, 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.05.014
Cernea, M. (1997). The risks and reconstruction model for resettling displaced populations. World Development, 25(10), 1569–1587. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(97)00054-5
Chardon, A.-C. (2010). Reasentar un hábitat vulnerable: teoría versus praxis. Revista INVI, 25(70), 17–75. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582010000300002
Charlton, S. y Meth, P. (2017). Lived experiences of state housing in Johannesburg and Durban. Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa, 93(1), 91–115. https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2017.0004
Creswell, J. W. y Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE.
Debnath, R., Bardhan, R., y Sunikka-Blank, M. (2019). Discomfort and distress in slum rehabilitation: Investigating a rebound phenomenon using a backcasting approach. Habitat International, 87, 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.03.010
Dias, N. T., Keraminiyage, K. y De Silva, K. K. (2016). Long-term satisfaction of post disaster resettled communities. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 25(5), 581–594. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-11-2015-0264
Emami, A. y Sadeghlou, S. (2021). Residential Satisfaction: A Narrative Literature Review Towards Identification of Core Determinants and Indicators. Housing, Theory and Society, 38(4), 512–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2020.1844795
Erman, T. (2019). From informal housing to apartment housing: exploring the ‘new social’ in a gecekondu rehousing project, Turkey. Housing Studies, 34(3), 519–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2018.1458293
Ferris, E. (2015). Climate-Induced Resettlement: Environmental Change and the Planned Relocation of Communities. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 35(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.2015.0001
Galster, G. C. (1985). Evaluating indicators for housing policy: Residential satisfaction vs marginal improvement priorities. Social Indicators Research, 16(4), 415–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00333289
Herath, D., Lakshman, R. W. D., y Ekanayake, A. (2017). Urban resettlement in Colombo from a wellbeing perspective: Does development-forced resettlement lead to improved wellbeing? Journal of Refugee Studies, 30(4), 554–579. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/few043
Herran, C. (2017). Vivir formalmente en 45 metros cuadrados. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 27(4), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v27n4Esp.62563
Hidalgo, R., Urbina, P., Alvarado, V., y Paulsen, A. (2017). Desplazados y ¿olvidados?: contradicciones respecto de la satisfacción residencial en Bajos de Mena, Puente Alto, Santiago de Chile. Revista INVI, 32(89), 85–110. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582017000100085
Huang, X., He, D., Tang, S., y Li, X. (2020). Compensation, housing situation and residents’ satisfaction with the outcome of forced relocation: Evidence from urban China. Cities, 96, 102436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102436
Kshetrimayum, B., Bardhan, R., y Kubota, T. (2020). Factors affecting residential satisfaction in slum rehabilitation housing in Mumbai. Sustainability, 12(6), 2344. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062344
Li, J., Li, D., Ning, X., Sun, J., y Du, H. (2019). Residential satisfaction among resettled tenants in public rental housing in Wuhan, China. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 34(4), 1125–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-019-09667-x
Marín-Villegas, J. C. (2014). Análisis de la habitabilidad de un proyecto de vivienda social multifamiliar en el marco de procesos de reasentamiento poblacional [tesis de maestría]. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/57066
Marín-Villegas, J. C. (2025a). Habitabilidad de la vivienda social multifamiliar para el reasentamiento de poblaciones vulnerables en Colombia. Modulo Arquitectura CUC, 33(1), 147–174. https://doi.org/10.17981/mod.arq.cuc.33.1.2024.06
Marín-Villegas, J. C. (2025b). Satisfacción residencial y características sociodemográficas: estudio en conjuntos habitacionales segregados en Colombia y Chile. Ciudades, 28, 223–244. https://doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.28.2025.223-244
Marín-Villegas, J. C. (2025c). Cuestionario de satisfacción y percepción del entorno residencial: Diseño y validación en Colombia y Chile. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v35n2.117306
Marín-Villegas, J. C. y Gatica-Neira, F. E. (2025). Factores relacionados con la satisfacción en viviendas sociales en Colombia y Chile: análisis con modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Revista de Urbanismo, 52, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.5354/0717-5051.2025.76912
Marín-Villegas, J. C., Sabatini Downey, F. R., y Gatica-Neira, F. E. (2023). Insatisfacción residencial post-relocalización de asentamientos informales en viviendas sociales: una revisión sistemática de la literatura. ACE: Architecture, City and Environment, 18(52). https://doi.org/10.5821/ace.18.52.11371
Martínez García, E. E., Baeriswyl Rada, S., y Fuentes, P. (2015). Análisis de la sostenibilidad social en tipologías residenciales del Gran Concepción (Chile). Cuaderno Urbano, 19(19), 5-28. https://doi.org/10.30972/crn.1919379
Matus, C. P., Ramoneda, Á., y Valenzuela, F. (2019). La integración social como desafío: análisis del programa de campamentos en Chile (2011-2018). Revista INVI, 34(97), 49–78. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582019000300049
Millán Otero, K. y Vasquez, J. (2020). La apropiación social y espacial de vivienda de interés prioritario (VIP): Casos Las Flores y La Aurora en la ciudad de Medellín. The Qualitative Report, 25(7), 1960–1980. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4690
Mitra, S., Mulligan, J. O. E., Schilling, J., Harper, J., Vivekananda, J., y Krause, L. (2017). Developing risk or resilience? Effects of slum upgrading on the social contract and social cohesion in Kibera, Nairobi. Environment and Urbanization, 29(3), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247816689218
Mohit, M. A. y Al-Khanbashi, A. M. M. (2014). Residential satisfaction: Concept, theories and empirical studies. Planning Malaysia Journal, 12(3), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.21837/pmjournal.v12.i3.131
Morales, R. E., Besoain, C., Soto, A., Pinto de Carvalho, L., Hidalgo, K. D., Fernández, I., y Bernal, V. (2017). Retorno al campamento: resistencia y melancolía en los márgenes de la ciudad formal. Revista INVI, 32(90), 51–75. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582017000200051
Morris, E. W. y Winter, M. (1975). A theory of family housing adjustment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 37(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.2307/351032
Najman, M. y Fainstein, C. (2018). Permanecer en los márgenes. Relocalización de asentamientos de la ribera del Riachuelo (2010-2017). Revista de Direito da Cidade, 10(4), 2886–2905. https://doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2018.35773
Napadensky Pastene, A. y Link, F. (2023). Tipologías habitacionales, percepciones barriales y vínculos sociales vecinales. Exploraciones sobre el barrio de Michaihue, Área Metropolitana de Concepción, Chile. Revista Urbano, 26(47), 8–21. https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2023.26.47.01
Nikuze, A., Sliuzas, R., Flacke, J., y van Maarseveen, M. (2019). Livelihood impacts of displacement and resettlement on informal households - A case study from Kigali, Rwanda. Habitat International, 86, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.02.006
Oliver-Smith, A. (1991). Successes and failures in post‐disaster resettlement. Disasters, 15(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1991.tb00423.x
Piggott-McKellar, A. E., Pearson, J., McNamara, K. E., y Nunn, P. D. (2020). A livelihood analysis of resettlement outcomes: Lessons for climate-induced relocations. Ambio, 49(9), 1474–1489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01289-5
Rodriguez Sosa, M., Sánchez Flores, E., y Holguín Ávila, R. (2022). Viabilidad sociocultural de la vivienda vertical social. Ciudad Juárez, densificación sustentable de una ciudad fronteriza. Decumanus, 8(8), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.20983/decumanus.2022.1.1
Rojas Trejo, M. A. y Silva Burgos, L. M. (2021). Integración social en proyectos de vivienda social. Un análisis en el Gran Concepción, Chile. Revista INVI, 36(103), 268–291. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582021000300268
Sampieri, R., Fernández, C. y Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6a ed.). McGraw-Hill/Interamericana.
Sarkar, A. y Bardhan, R. (2020). Socio-physical liveability through socio-spatiality in low-income resettlement archetypes - A case of slum rehabilitation housing in Mumbai, India. Cities, 105, 102840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102840
Scudder, T. y Colson, E. (1982). From welfare to development: a conceptual framework for the analysis of dislocated people. En A. Hansen y A. Oliver-Smith (Eds.), Involuntary migration and resettlement. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052293-15
Sunikka-Blank, M., Bardhan, R., y Haque, A. N. (2019). Gender, domestic energy and design of inclusive low-income habitats: A case of slum rehabilitation housing in Mumbai, India. Energy Research & Social Science, 49, 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.10.020
Takano, G. (2018). Reasentamiento por un megaproyecto de infraestructura en Lima, Perú. Un análisis desde la habitabilidad y las relaciones sociales. Revista INVI, 33(94), 135–159. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582018000300135
Tamburo, E. (2020). High-rise social failures. Focaal Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology, 2020(86), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2020.860104
UN-Habitat. (2015a). A practical guide to designing, planning, and executing citywide slum upgrading programmes. https://unhabitat.org/a-practical-guide-to-designing-planning-and-executing-citywide-slum-upgrading-programmes
UN-Habitat. (2015b). Temas Hábitat III 22. Asentamientos informales. http://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/Issue-Paper-22_ASENTAMIENTOS-INFORMALES-SP.pdf
United Nations. (2024). The sustainable development goals report. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2024/
Vilalta, C., Jasso, L. C., y Fondevila, G. (2020). Tipo de vivienda, barreras físicas y sensación de inseguridad en la colonia. Economía Sociedad y Territorio, 20(64), 787–811. https://doi.org/10.22136/est20201621
Williams, G., Charlton, S., Coelho, K., Mahadevia, D., y Meth, P. (2021). (Im)mobility at the margins: low-income households’ experiences of peripheral resettlement in India and South Africa. Housing Studies, 37(6), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2021.1946018
Winston, N. (2017). Multifamily housing and resident life satisfaction in Europe: an exploratory analysis. Housing Studies, 32(7), 887–911. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2017.1280776
Yazah, M., Raschid, M., Sharif, R., y Choong, O. S. (2015). Hindu residents’ satisfaction on residential unit spatial layout of low-cost flat housing. ALAM CIPTA International Journal of Sustainable Tropical Design Research and Practice, 8, 34–45.
Yin, R. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. SAGE.
Twitter
Facebook
