i
Convocatoria: "Revisitando las periferias latinoamericanas. Trayectorias, derivas y debates actuales"
Cierre de la recepción de artículos: 31 de marzo 2025
Las Higueras: una propuesta para la alternancia a la personalización de la vivienda incremental
Autores/as
-
Goran Ivo Marinovic
Wenzhou-Kean University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4644-4283
Resumen
La vivienda incremental, respaldada por fondos gubernamentales, denota una solución para que hogares con bajos ingresos puedan construir su vivienda gradualmente. El artículo examina el proceso de construcción incremental y sugiere la alternancia de dos fases: una de diseño y otra de personalización de la vivienda base. Para el diseño de éstas, los agentes gubernamentales y los arquitectos deben seguir tres subfases: desarrollar el diseño de la vivienda base juntamente con las familias, presentar el proyecto final de la vivienda base y apoyar la vivienda base una vez habitada. Para la personalización de las viviendas, los profesionales deben seguir una directriz con tres subfases: informar a las unidades familiares sobre los conocimientos de construcción requeridos para personalizar su vivienda, discutir las distintas posibilidades de completar las viviendas y conectarlo con sus recursos financieros; el resultado es una guía para la autoconstrucción de futuros proyectos. Este artículo se basa en un trabajo de campo, analizando el proyecto de vivienda incremental “Las Higueras” (2006) en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile, averiguando las capacidades de las familias para personalizar sus viviendas posteriormente, utilizando métodos de investigación cualitativa en colaboración con Las Higueras, el Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo de Chile y el estudio de arquitectura Gubbins.Palabras clave:
vivienda incremental, diseño base de la vivienda, personalización, Las Higueras (Chile)Referencias
Andersen, L. B., Danholt, P., Halskov, K., Hansen, N. B., & Lauritsen, P. (2015). Participation as a matter of concern in participatory design. CoDesign, 11(3-4), 250-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2015.1081246
Arboleda, G. (2010). Incremental housing design consideration. In L. Delgado & X. Antipova, (Eds.). A debate on incremental housing: Can an old answer be the new solution for how to best rebuild Haiti? http://web.mit.edu/incrementalhousing/WUF-Rio/pdfs/SE-4-SUMMARY-DelgadoXenia.pdf
Berntzen, L., & Johannessen, M. R. (2016). The role of citizen participation in municipal smart city projects: Lessons learned from Norway. In J. Gil-Garcia, T. Pardo, & T. Nam, (Eds.) Smarter as the New Urban Agenda (pp. 299-314). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17620-8_16
Bjerknes, G., Ehn, P., Kyng, M., & Nygaard, K. (1987). Computers and democracy: A Scandinavian challenge. Gower Pub Co.
Boccagni, P. & Brighenti, A. M. (2017). Immigrants and home in the making: Thresholds of domesticity, commonality and publicness. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 32, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-015-9487-9
Broome, J. & Richardson, B. (1991). The self-build book. Green Books.
Bunster, V., Bustamante, W., Garcia, R., Noguchi, M., & Kvan, T. (2018). Exploring the impacts of personalisation on thermal efficiency of Chilean social housing. In H. Chau, C.dos S. Hentschke (Eds.), ZEMCH 2018 International Conference: Proceedings, (pp. 595-612). ZEMCH Network.
Bunster, V., Noguchi, M., García, R. & Kvan, T. (2015). Personalisation strategies and residential satisfaction in Chilean social housing. In ZEMCH 2015 International Conference Proceedings, (pp. 489-502). ZEMCH Network.
CHF International. (2004). Strategic assessment of the affordable housing sector in Ghana. CHF International.
Duncan, S. & Rowe, A. (1993). Self-provided housing: The first world's hidden housing arm. Urban Studies, 30(8), 1331-1354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989320081291
Ferrero, J. (1998). La vivienda evolutiva. Vivienda Popular, (3), 5-11.
Frediani, A. A. (2016). Re-imagining participatory design: Reflecting on the ASF-UK change by design methodology. Design Issues, 32(3), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00403
Gierszon, M. (2014). Architect-activist: The socio-political attitude based on the works of Walter Segal. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 38(1), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2014.893629
Greenbaum, J., & Loi, D. (2012). Participation, the camel and the elephant of design: An introduction. CoDesign, 8(2-3), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2012.690232
Greene, M. (2004). The Progressive Housing Program in Chile 1990-2002. Inter-American Development Bank Sustainable Development Department.
Greene, M. & Rojas, E. (2008). Incremental construction: A strategy to facilitate access to housing. Environment and Urbanization, 20(1), 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247808089150
Harris, R. (1999). Slipping through the cracks: The origins of aided self-help housing, 1918-53. Housing Studies, 14(3), 281-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673039982803
Hyysalo, S., Elgaard, T., & Oudshoorn, N. (2016). The new production of users: Changing innovation collectives and involvement strategies. Routledge.
Iversen, O. S., Halskov, K., & Leong, T. W. (2012). Values-led participatory design. CoDesign, 8(2-3), 87-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2012.672575
Jirón, P., Toro, A., Caquimbo, S., Goldsack, L., Martínez, L., Colonelli, P., Hormazábal, N., & Sarmiento, P. (2004). Bienestar habitacional: guía de diseño para un hábitat residencial sustentable. Instituto de la Vivienda FAU Universidad de Chile.
Khalili-Araghi, S. & Kolarevic, B. (2016). Development of a framework for dimensional customization system: A novel method for customer participation. Journal of Building Engineering, 5, 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.01.001
Kieran, S. & Timberlake, J. (2004). Refabricating architecture: How manufacturing methodologies are poised to transform building construction. McGraw-Hill.
Kwiecinski, K. & Duarte, J. P. (2019). Customers perspective on mass-customization of houses. In J. P. Sousa, J. P. Xavier & G. Castro Henriques (Eds.), Architecture in the age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference, (pp. 359-368, v. 2).
Leadbeater, C. (2004). Personalisation through participation: A new script for public services. Demos.
Luck, R. (2018). What is it that makes participation in design participatory design? Design Studies, 59, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2018.10.002
MacDonald, J. (1987). Vivienda progresiva. CPU.
Mueller, J., Lu, H., Chirkin, A., Klein, B., & Schmitt, G. (2018). Citizen design science: A strategy for crowd-creative urban design. Cities, 72, 181-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.018
Ossul-Vermehren, I. (2018). Lo político de hacer hogar: una mirada de género a la vivienda autoconstruida. Revista INVI, 33(93), 9-51. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582018000200009
Pandelaki, E. & Shiozaki, Y. (2010). The core house concept and its implementation in Indonesia: Past, present, future. International Journal for Housing Science, 34(4), 233-248.
Ravina, D. V., Shih, R. R. L., & Medvegy G. (2018). Community architecture: The use of participatory design in the development of a community housing project in the Philippines. Pollack Periódica, 13(2), 207-218. https:doi.org/10.1556/606.2018.13.2.20
Sabatini, F. Campos, D. Quiero, G. C., & Blonda, L. (2006). Nuevas formas de pobreza y movilización popular en Santiago de Chile. In G. A. Saraví, (Ed.) De la pobreza a la exclusión. Continuidades y rupturas de la cuestión social en América Latina (pp. 97-136). Ciesas-Prometeo.
Salcedo, R. (2010). The last slum: Moving from illegal settlements to subsidized home ownership in Chile. Urban Affairs Review, 46(1). 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087410368487
Sanders, E. B. N. & Stappers, P. J. (2008). Co-creation and the new landscapes of design. Co-design, 4(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710880701875068
Sanoff, H. (2010). Democratic design: Participation case studies in urban and small town environments. VDM Verlag Dr Muller.
Smith, R. C., Bossen, C., & Kanstrup, A. M. (2017). Participatory design in an era of participation. CoDesign, 13(2), 65-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2017.1310466
Spinuzzi, C. (2005). The methodology of participatory design. Technical Communication, 52(2), 163-174.
Stimmel, C. L. (2015). Building smart cities: Analytics, ICT, and design thinking. CRC Press.
Turner, J. & Fichter, R. (1972). Freedom to build, dweller control of the housing process. Collier Macmillan.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2003). The challenge of slums: Global Report on Human Settlements. Earthscan Publications.
Wakely, P. & Riley, E. (2011). The case for incremental housing. The Cities Alliance.
Western Cape Department of Human Settlements. (2013). Incremental housing: Research Paper. Sustainable Human Settlements CityLab, African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town.
Arboleda, G. (2010). Incremental housing design consideration. In L. Delgado & X. Antipova, (Eds.). A debate on incremental housing: Can an old answer be the new solution for how to best rebuild Haiti? http://web.mit.edu/incrementalhousing/WUF-Rio/pdfs/SE-4-SUMMARY-DelgadoXenia.pdf
Berntzen, L., & Johannessen, M. R. (2016). The role of citizen participation in municipal smart city projects: Lessons learned from Norway. In J. Gil-Garcia, T. Pardo, & T. Nam, (Eds.) Smarter as the New Urban Agenda (pp. 299-314). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17620-8_16
Bjerknes, G., Ehn, P., Kyng, M., & Nygaard, K. (1987). Computers and democracy: A Scandinavian challenge. Gower Pub Co.
Boccagni, P. & Brighenti, A. M. (2017). Immigrants and home in the making: Thresholds of domesticity, commonality and publicness. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 32, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-015-9487-9
Broome, J. & Richardson, B. (1991). The self-build book. Green Books.
Bunster, V., Bustamante, W., Garcia, R., Noguchi, M., & Kvan, T. (2018). Exploring the impacts of personalisation on thermal efficiency of Chilean social housing. In H. Chau, C.dos S. Hentschke (Eds.), ZEMCH 2018 International Conference: Proceedings, (pp. 595-612). ZEMCH Network.
Bunster, V., Noguchi, M., García, R. & Kvan, T. (2015). Personalisation strategies and residential satisfaction in Chilean social housing. In ZEMCH 2015 International Conference Proceedings, (pp. 489-502). ZEMCH Network.
CHF International. (2004). Strategic assessment of the affordable housing sector in Ghana. CHF International.
Duncan, S. & Rowe, A. (1993). Self-provided housing: The first world's hidden housing arm. Urban Studies, 30(8), 1331-1354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989320081291
Ferrero, J. (1998). La vivienda evolutiva. Vivienda Popular, (3), 5-11.
Frediani, A. A. (2016). Re-imagining participatory design: Reflecting on the ASF-UK change by design methodology. Design Issues, 32(3), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00403
Gierszon, M. (2014). Architect-activist: The socio-political attitude based on the works of Walter Segal. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 38(1), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2014.893629
Greenbaum, J., & Loi, D. (2012). Participation, the camel and the elephant of design: An introduction. CoDesign, 8(2-3), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2012.690232
Greene, M. (2004). The Progressive Housing Program in Chile 1990-2002. Inter-American Development Bank Sustainable Development Department.
Greene, M. & Rojas, E. (2008). Incremental construction: A strategy to facilitate access to housing. Environment and Urbanization, 20(1), 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247808089150
Harris, R. (1999). Slipping through the cracks: The origins of aided self-help housing, 1918-53. Housing Studies, 14(3), 281-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673039982803
Hyysalo, S., Elgaard, T., & Oudshoorn, N. (2016). The new production of users: Changing innovation collectives and involvement strategies. Routledge.
Iversen, O. S., Halskov, K., & Leong, T. W. (2012). Values-led participatory design. CoDesign, 8(2-3), 87-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2012.672575
Jirón, P., Toro, A., Caquimbo, S., Goldsack, L., Martínez, L., Colonelli, P., Hormazábal, N., & Sarmiento, P. (2004). Bienestar habitacional: guía de diseño para un hábitat residencial sustentable. Instituto de la Vivienda FAU Universidad de Chile.
Khalili-Araghi, S. & Kolarevic, B. (2016). Development of a framework for dimensional customization system: A novel method for customer participation. Journal of Building Engineering, 5, 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.01.001
Kieran, S. & Timberlake, J. (2004). Refabricating architecture: How manufacturing methodologies are poised to transform building construction. McGraw-Hill.
Kwiecinski, K. & Duarte, J. P. (2019). Customers perspective on mass-customization of houses. In J. P. Sousa, J. P. Xavier & G. Castro Henriques (Eds.), Architecture in the age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference, (pp. 359-368, v. 2).
Leadbeater, C. (2004). Personalisation through participation: A new script for public services. Demos.
Luck, R. (2018). What is it that makes participation in design participatory design? Design Studies, 59, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2018.10.002
MacDonald, J. (1987). Vivienda progresiva. CPU.
Mueller, J., Lu, H., Chirkin, A., Klein, B., & Schmitt, G. (2018). Citizen design science: A strategy for crowd-creative urban design. Cities, 72, 181-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.018
Ossul-Vermehren, I. (2018). Lo político de hacer hogar: una mirada de género a la vivienda autoconstruida. Revista INVI, 33(93), 9-51. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-83582018000200009
Pandelaki, E. & Shiozaki, Y. (2010). The core house concept and its implementation in Indonesia: Past, present, future. International Journal for Housing Science, 34(4), 233-248.
Ravina, D. V., Shih, R. R. L., & Medvegy G. (2018). Community architecture: The use of participatory design in the development of a community housing project in the Philippines. Pollack Periódica, 13(2), 207-218. https:doi.org/10.1556/606.2018.13.2.20
Sabatini, F. Campos, D. Quiero, G. C., & Blonda, L. (2006). Nuevas formas de pobreza y movilización popular en Santiago de Chile. In G. A. Saraví, (Ed.) De la pobreza a la exclusión. Continuidades y rupturas de la cuestión social en América Latina (pp. 97-136). Ciesas-Prometeo.
Salcedo, R. (2010). The last slum: Moving from illegal settlements to subsidized home ownership in Chile. Urban Affairs Review, 46(1). 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087410368487
Sanders, E. B. N. & Stappers, P. J. (2008). Co-creation and the new landscapes of design. Co-design, 4(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710880701875068
Sanoff, H. (2010). Democratic design: Participation case studies in urban and small town environments. VDM Verlag Dr Muller.
Smith, R. C., Bossen, C., & Kanstrup, A. M. (2017). Participatory design in an era of participation. CoDesign, 13(2), 65-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2017.1310466
Spinuzzi, C. (2005). The methodology of participatory design. Technical Communication, 52(2), 163-174.
Stimmel, C. L. (2015). Building smart cities: Analytics, ICT, and design thinking. CRC Press.
Turner, J. & Fichter, R. (1972). Freedom to build, dweller control of the housing process. Collier Macmillan.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme. (2003). The challenge of slums: Global Report on Human Settlements. Earthscan Publications.
Wakely, P. & Riley, E. (2011). The case for incremental housing. The Cities Alliance.
Western Cape Department of Human Settlements. (2013). Incremental housing: Research Paper. Sustainable Human Settlements CityLab, African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town.
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